25 August 1988, Volume 9 Issue 3
    

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  • Matthias Kuhle
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(3): 207-214. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0026
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    The fundamental idea is that relief configuration and thus the type of glaciation depend on the location of the snowline within a certain landscape. Together with a method of snowline detemination the author has developed a calculation scheme with which the characterizing gradient relationships of subrecent and present glaciers can be fixed. The angles a and were calculated for 223 glaciers from 12 various mountain regions of the earth and plotted in a scatter diagram.
  • J.W. Glen
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(3): 215-220. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0027
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  • Tong Changjiang, Chen Enyuan
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(3): 221-228. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0028
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    Thaw consolidation tests were conducted on more than 1000 undisturbed seasonally frozen soil samples in laboratory. Two test methods were employed: one is loading the samples before thawing, and the other is loading the samples after completely thawed. The test results show that there is a certain difference between the total thaw consolidation settlements observed in different methods. A comparison was also made between the thaw consolidation behavior of seasonally frozen soils and that of permanently frozen soil. The comparison shows that there are some differences between the thaw consolidation behavior of seasonally and permanently frozen soil.
  • Wang Manhua
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(3): 229-238. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0029
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    The author collected the data of pollen analysis of 15 sites in the Last Period of the Late Pleistocene in the Northeast Plain of China in the drew pollen spore diagramis sta tistically, and divided stratum of the Last Period of the Late Pleistocene (11-60 thousand years B. P.) into 3 vegetation succession stages: the early, the middle and the late stages based on 14C dating and the standard stratum abounded in Mammuthus coeledonta Fama animals. The climate was cold and dry in the early and late stages,and damp in the middle stage. The Northeast Plain was divided into three plant regions: the Sanjiang Plain. The Songnen Plain and the Xal aohe Plain. Measuring the dominat species of pollen assemblages in every regions by the warmth index (Wl) and humidity index (HI) of same species in present live region, we obtain the drop in mean temperature in July in deffe rent sites and times.A preliminary quantitative concept of the change range of climate in the Later Period of the Late Pleistocene is produced in the Northeast Plain of China.
  • Zhang Xing, Li Yinrong, Song Zhengyuan
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(3): 239-250. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0030
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    By using this atlas, one can determine the frost depths with given frequency of occurrence and the course of time in a given place under snow covered or non-snow covered conditions.The atlas, based on 《The Design Standard for the Fundations of industrial and Civil Constructions. TJ7-74》, has redefined the standard frost depths. Therefore, it makes the standard frost depths of different places comparable and the frost depths numerically exchangeable under nonstandard conditions.In determining the value of frost depths, this atlas has taken into account the soil properties, the pre frost moisture content W of soil, the snow cover and the influence of latitude and elevation in different natural subzones. It has also determined the correlations expression among the standard frost depths Z, the latitude L, and the elevation H in different natural subzones.This atlas has selected the standard frost depth value Z, the snow influence coefficient β, the frost depth under natural snow conditions C. and the duration (ten days) of the cold season in various places as the indices in filling this atlas, so as to comprehensively present the space distribution of the seasonal frost depths and the dynamics between seasons and years. The effects of the average thickness of the snow cover of many years have also been considered in determing the C, value.
  • Fang Xiaomin, Mou Yunzhi, Xi Xiaoxia
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(3): 251-256. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0031
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    The examination of grain surfaces of quartz from the Maxian Mountain by a scanning electronic microscope reveal distinct and different groups of surface features. These quartz sand grains are characterized primarily by conchoidal fractures which are densely distributed and interposed with each other, mechanical V shaped pits, blocky fractures and irregular appearance with sharp edges. The Diaphragm like impact pit is a rather representative surfact feature in the debris flow environment. In addition, large striae and subaqueous polished surfaces were also observed on the part quartz grains. However, chemical solution precipitation features were seldom on the sand grain surface. These coincide with the warm cool paleoenvironment in this area.The classification of the quartz sand grain surface features proposed by D.H. Krinsley was applied to the analysis and statistics of surface features of each sand grain. And after comparing the statistical data with D.H.Krisley’s, the suthors arrive at the same conclusion as those of the former analysis, i.e. this group of mixed accumulation is virtually the result of debrisflows not that of glaciation.
  • Jia Mingchao, Yuan Fu, Cheng Guodong
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(3): 257-260. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0032
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    In 1983, ice wedges were firstly discovered in an excavation at Yitulihe (52°32′N, 121°9′E) in northeast China. The site where the ice wedges were found is located in discontinuous permafrost. The mean annual air temperature here is - 5 ℃, the annual precipitation is 694mm and the mean annual ground temperature is -1.2℃. Ice wedges were found in alluvium on the first terrace of the Yituli River. The ice wedges with milky white colour have the shapes of wedge and bar in excavated cross sections. The average top width of the ice wedges is about 1m with revealed heights about l.5m. The upper surface of the ice wedges is flat and coincides with the permafrost table, which is about 0.9min this site, except that the upper surface of one ice wedge is 0.5m lower than the permafrost table. These ice wedges may be in active ones. This is the first discovery of ice wedges in China. Up to now, these ice wedges are the southernmost ones discovered in the world.
  • Zhang Zhizhong, Wang Wenti
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(3): 261-265. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0033
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    The snow cornice avalanche is the main avalanche harmful to the highway from Du-shanzi to Kuche via the Tianshan Mountians. The theory and method of strain circles, i.e. More Circles, were applied to investigate the internal deformation of snow cornice. Principal strain, its rate, maximum shear strain, ratio of volume change, principal strain axis and angle of its rotation were calculated. From the change of strain circles, the dependency of the principal strain its rate and the position and the orientation of strain rate on the depth of snow cover and air temperature is discussed, which will be favourable to make further researches on causes of snow cornice avalanches.
  • Sui Tieiing, Na Wenjie
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(3): 267-272. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0035
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    The horizontal Frost heaving force acting on the retaining wall is one of the primary design loads in seasonal frost regions. In order to measure the horizontal frost heaving force and its distribution along the wall depth, we have built a superposition opposition retaining wall model which is in a fully restrained state in the Wanjia Frozen Soil Test-Field. Harbin suburb. This paper describes the design principles of the retaining wall. and methods of measuring the horizontal frost heaving force acting on the retaining wall. with the load sensor and strain meter.
  • Gu Pei, Bu Jueying
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(3): 273-278. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0036
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    The Chinese glacier inventory is part of the international glacier inventory, and glacier maps are important components of the glacier inventory.Since 1979, we have compiled the glacier maps for the Qilian Mountains, Altai Mountains, Tianshan Mountains and Pamier Mountains successively, about 40% of all the glacier maps of the country.In order to improve the quality and accuracy of the maps, we have considered the following in accordance with the principles for the compilation of the international glacier inventory and the specific conditions in China:1. Materials and dataThe latest l:50000 and 1:100000 aerial topographic maps are used as the basis of glacier maps, and the aerial photographs as the supplementary data for improvement.2. ScaleAccording to the uses of glacial maps, the shape and size of surveyed areas and the basic data, the scales of drainage basin maps are fixed at l:250000 and l:400000. For the distribution maps of the general glacier distribution, glacial geographic landscape and distribution characteristics, and for coding key maps, scales are 1:1000000 and l:2000003. Synthesis and representationShowing location, type and shape of glaciers, as well as their dependent relationship with drainage systems is the most important task for the compilation of glacier inventory. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out scientific generalization proper deletion and addition of data. In addition, the key elements of drainage basins, ridges.etc. should be presented in detail.The glacier is indicated in its plane figure. In addition, for reflecting the glacial distribution characteristics and distribution law, the ridge, elevation on horn and terminal of glacier tongue etc. as wall as the inhabited place and the road should be correspondingly presented.
  • JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(3): 279-285. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0037
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