25 May 1988, Volume 9 Issue 2
    

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  • Wu Guoxuan, Wang Kaifa
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(2): 17-164. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0013
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    The Quaternary deposits in the northwest of the Chaidam Basin are made up saline lick such as halite, gypsum, gypsum clays, sal mirabile, silts and carbonatite clays. The spores and pollen fossils of bush and grnss from the above deposits are mainly Ephedra. Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae and Nitraria ect. The arboroid pollens include usually Pinus, Quercus, Salix, Ulmus, Betula,Alnus, Picea and Abies, with a low perce- ntage. According to the variations in the sporo-pollen assemblages, the Quaternary deposits in the northwest of the Chaidam Basin can be divided into 10 sporo-pollen fossil zones. These 10 zones represented the paleoclimate change phases there, although all of them were of the desert vegetation type. Five cold epoches have been distinguished and compared with the glacial epoches of the North Tianshan, Xinjiang, and the East of China in the Quaternary.
  • Liu Chaohai, Ding Liangfn
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(2): 99-107. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0014
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    There are 8900 glaciers in the Tianshan Mts., with a total area of 9192.43 km2 and a total ice volume of 1010.5 km3.These glaciers are mainly distributed in big and high mountains above 5000m a.s.l. in the western part of the mountains. Eastwards from here, the number of glaciers decrease, and the size of glaciers become smaller. Valley glaciers are mainly developed on very high peaks or the "mountain knot" of the Tianshan Mts, and their vertical elevation differences are commonly 3600-4600m,which has resulted in the special complex glacier type in China. The glaciation grades in most of the rivers in the Tianshan Mountains are smaller than 0.20 and depend on the number of the valley glaciers and their sizes.
  • Keith Echelmeyer, Wang Zhongxiang
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(2): 109-122. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0015
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    In a tunnel at the base of the subpolar Urumqi Glacier No. 1, China, three new mechanisms of glacier flow have been observed at subfreezing temperatures. Taken individually or in combination, these modes of flow can account for nearly all (60-80%) of the overall glacier motion and, yet, they act only within the lowermost one to two percent of the effective glacier thickness.These mechanisms are: (1) Enhanced deformation of the frozen and ice-laden subglaciai drift; (2) Motion across discrete shear planes or shear bands within the frozen drift or at the ice-drift interface; and (3) basal sliding at an ice-rock interface at a temperature of nearly -5C The ice-laden drift has an effective viscosity of more than one hundred times less than that measured in the overlying ice, thus allowing very rapid shear deformation. The observed rate of basal sliding at the ice-rock interface agrees favorably with that predicted by the recent work of Shreve (1985) if proper account is taken of the measured surface roughness and reduced ice viscosity.
  • Cai Baolin, Xie Zichu, Huang Maohuan
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(2): 123-130,108. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0016
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    The energy and mass transfer processes, the permeation possibility of melt-water and the various of snow temperatures are studied in this paper. Through the analysis of the physical processes of the water-heat transfer, transform and storage within a snow layer, mathematical models of the water-heat flow and the temperature variation’s have been devised.From these models, it is found that the minimum infiltration depth of melt-water in the percolation zone of the Glacier No. 1 at the source of Urumqi River is 7.4 m.The calculation results are in agreement with the measurements.
  • Cao Meisheng, M F Meier
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(2): 131-138. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0017
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    Based on Glacier No. 1 topography map of July 1980, the glacial surface velocity during Moy 1980- May 1981 and ice thickness data measured by radio-echo, a statistical relationship between flux per unit width q(m3/arye/m), average ice thickness h(m) and slope a in transverse profile has been obtained by multiregression as follow: q=0.000961h3.94α2.02 Suppose the mass balance contour distribution shape is stable from now on, and approximates the average distribution shape during 1959-1966, that is, the glacier mass balance value under this distribution in 1980 is equal to the average value -0.08 m in the 24 years from 1958 to 1982, then the longitudinal section of Glacier No. 1 under stable conditions could be calculated with the fomula: dh/dx=β-α where β is the average bed slope in 1980 and is supposed not to change with time. Glacier No.l could really be separated into two small glaciers and their volume and area are 60.5% and 83.6% of that in 1980 respectively. These two small glaciers supply 78×104m3 water to the Urumqi River each year, which equals to 83.4% of average supplied glacial water from 1958 to 1983.
  • Shen Mu
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(2): 139-148. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0018
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    On the basis of the experimental data and observations in-situ, the deformation and stress for the proposed model of limited driving height are calculated by FEM, and that for the model of unlimited height are also analysed using the finite difference method. The following main conclusions are obtained from calculations:1. For the non-homogeneous model, the maximum value of the tangential and vertical stresses in the frozen wall mostly occurs on the freezing-pipe-composed plain. This is completely different from that calculated for a homogeneous model.2. For the model of limited height, the calculated deformation of the wall increases with the increase of driving height and exposed time.3. For the model of limited driving height, the maximum value of the radial deformation on the inner surface of the wall appears at the point slightly above the middle of the height. The stress in the wall significantly concentrated at the foot of concrete lining.
  • Qin Zhiye, Xie Wenzhong, Tong Boliang, Xie Yingqin
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(2): 149-156. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0019
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    The plants in the plateau areas and the melting soil-layers in the frozen are all affected by the climatical conditions and interaction each other. For example, the low temperature of the frozen soil limits the growth and the development of plant radication in the depth soil. The greater vegetation cover degree reduces the sun shine on soil, the rise of soil temperature, the evapotranspiration, and the temperature of the soil surface. All this makes the melting depth discontine and take on a region-distribution.
  • Tang Yongyi
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(2): 165-170. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0020
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    Through the observation of the rock slices of the deposits of the Quaternary diamictons in the Lushan Mountain under a polaring microscope, it is discovered that some of their microtextures and microstructures are related to turbidite. Their features are similar to that of Quaternary debris flows and especially similar to that of dilute debris flows in the Northwest of China. Therefore the diamictons in the Lushan Mountain are considered to the deposits of dilute debris flows.The study of the weathering state of the diamictons through rock slices shows that hyther prevailed not only before the deposition of debris flows but also during and after the deposition. It is, therefore, concluded that the debris flows in the Lushan Mountain happened under a warm and rainy subtropical environment.
  • Ye Bayou
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(2): 171-178. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0021
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    The frost damage to subgrade engineering and its causes are explained in this paper according to the data obtained from long observations and engineering analyses. Discussed mainly in this paper are the destruction of the slopes of cuttings by the upperlayer groundwater of permafrost and its effect on the bases, the cracking of the shoulder of high embankments and its effect on the stability of slopes, and the frost heave of the subgrade and its formation.
  • Shang Jihong
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(2): 179-182. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0022
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    Based on the field measurements and analysis, this paper gives an empiric formula for calculating the depth of artifical permafrost table of retaining dams in permafrost regions. The calculated results using this formula agree basically with field obsewation data. Its cross-section shape are also proposed according to the engineering. A reasonable location of retaining dams and their cross-section shape are also proposed according to the engineering proctice in permafrost regions.
  • Yao Tandong
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(2): 183-186. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0023
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    The Juneau Icefield, one of the five largest icefields in North America, is in the Coastal Mountains of Alaska, USA. It is famous for its large glacier (Taku Glacier), its glacial ogives (Vagn Liewis Glacier) and its scenery beauty (the terminal of the Mendenhall Glacier). It is world-known for "the Juneau Icefield Research Program" started in 1946, All those are presented in this paper.
  • JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1987, 9(2): 187-192. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1987.0024
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