25 August 1984, Volume 5 Issue 4

    

• Select all
  |

• Select
  Approach to the Mathematical Model of Zonality of High-Altitude Permafrost

  Cheng Guodong, Wu Bangjun

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1983, 5(4): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1983.0057

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  The changing trends of timberline, snow line, boundary line of mountain cold desert soil and permafrost lower limit with latitude are quite similar. By using the method of curve-fitting,the empirical relationship between lower limit of high-altitude permafrost(H) and latitude (φ) has been obtained.H = 3650 exp[-0.003(φ-25.37)²] + 1428. Tentatively applied, the results are satisfactory.This function has an extreme value and an inflection point, which is different from those mathematical models obtained before. As indicated by this function, starting from equator, the permafrost lower limit rises with increase of latitude, and reaches its extreme value of 5078 m a.s.l. at the latitude of 25°22’N, then it descends with increase of latitude; at the initial stage, the descending slope is steep, and reaches its maximum at the latitude of 38°N, then becomes gentle with increase of latitude. These features of the function are closely related to the features of mean latitudinal distribution of earth’s radiation budget.
• Select
  Distribution of Snow Cover in China

  Li Peiji, Mi Desheng

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1983, 5(4): 9-18. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1983.0059

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  Based on the climatic data of 1600 stations up to 1980, and on the latest aerial maps and ERTS images, the map of duration of snow cover in China has been prepared at a scale of 1:4000000.In this paper, we discussed the distribution of snow cover of China. On annual average of snow covet days, China is divided into five regions. The snow cover area of China amounts to 900×10⁴ km².1.Regions permanently covered by snow and ice have a total area of 5.65×10⁴ km², with 365 snow cover days.2.Regions of stable seasonal snow cover, 420×10⁴ km², including the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (except the Northern plateau of Xizang and the Qaidam basin), the Northeast China and the Nei Monggol, the North Xinjiang and Tianshan mountain with over 60 snow cover days.3.Regions of unstable seasonal snow cover have a area of 480×10⁴ km² in China: (1) Distinct regular unstable snow cover areas, from 10 to 60 snow cover days mostly in winter; (2) Regions of irregular and unstable snow cover,snow cover occurred in some years but not in other years.4.Regions without snow cover only 55? 10⁴ km².
• Select
  On Physical Properties in the Process of Freezing and the Method of Its Research

  Ding Dewen

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1983, 5(4): 19-26. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1983.0060

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  In this paper, physical properties in the process of freezing in terms of the motion-energy in the system were analysed. According to the principle of irreversible process, the author set up a mathematical model, and gave a mathematical physical analytic method for certain process under the conditions influencing each other. Finally discussed, in short, was the similar principle of simulating test for the process.
• Select
  Fundamental Features of Modern Glaciers in the Altay Shan of China

  Wang Lilun, Liu Chaohai, Kang Xingcheng, You Genxiang

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1983, 5(4): 27-38. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1983.0061

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  The glacierized area in the Altay Shan is at the highest latitude (45°47’-49°10’N) in China. In Chinese Altay, there are totally 416 glaciers with an area of 293.2 km² and an estimated ice storage of 16.49 km3. The largest valley glacier is called Halasi glacier (5A255E21), 10.8 km long with an area of 30.13 km² and its terminus descending to 2416 m. The Halasi glacier is characterized by plentiful accumulation in cold season, strong ablation in warm season, higher ice temperature in active layer, and large velocity of glacial movement, features different both from the maritime glaciers in southeast Xizang (Tibet) and from the extreme continental glaciers in Qilian Shan, but similar to the glaciers in western Tian Shan, which belong to the subcontinental type with dominant replenishment in cold season.
• Select
  Traces of Ancient Glaciations and Their Division in the Quaternary at the Drainage Basin of Halasi River in the Altay Shan of China

  Liu Chaohai, Wang Lilun

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1983, 5(4): 39-47. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1983.0062

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  During the Quaternary, the glaciation in the Altay Shan of China reached a magnificent scale. Abundant and numerous traces of ancient glaciation exist in the Altay Shan of China. In the drainage basin of Halasi River, there develop tiering cirques, U-shape valleys and beaded-stringlike lakes, special features of ancient glaciation in the western mountains of China. According to the elevation of the exposure of moraines, weathering condition and their correlation, it was found that during the Quaternary, at least two glaciations, the Halasi glaciation (Late Pleistocene) and the glaciation of the Middle Pleistocene (ice sheet) happened and since Holocene one Neoglaciation of Akekule and the Little Ice Age of Youyi Peak took place in this region also. In Quaternary glaciation, the formation of peneplain before glaciation bore profound influence on type, scale and regime of glaciation.
• Select
  An Analysis on the Relationship Between Streamflow and Precipitation in Altay Mountainous Region

  Zhou Bocheng

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1983, 5(4): 49-56. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1983.0064

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  In this paper, by means of an analysis on the relationship between streamflow and precipitation in Altay Mountainous Region, the most important points about them can be summarized as follows: (a) the distribution of precipitation: In pediment, the amount of snowfall is about 30% of total annual precipitation and the snowcover occurs in the middle of October or later. In the middle mountain zone with altitude of 2700m, the snow fall amount rises to 50% of its annual streamflow and its snowcover starts to form in the early October. The maximum thickness of snowcover is more than 2 meters in its western part. Therefore, the snowmelt water is an important replenishment of the stream in the region which has 41% of annual streamflow. (b) the seasonal variation of streamflow: The spring runoff is more than the autumn one. Conversely, the autumn runoff in the northern slope of Tian Shan and Qilian Shan is more than the spring one which causes spring drought in these areas.
• Select
  Correlation Between Tree Ring and Climatic and Glacial Variations in the Region of Mts. Altay

  Kang Xingcheng

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1983, 5(4): 57-62. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1983.0065

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  Through analysis of tree ring data, the variations of cold and warm climate in the last 300 years,and of dry and wet in the last 180 years in the region of Mts. Altay were found out. Totally four colder and four warmer periods as well as dry and wet stages were identified and their influences on variations of glaciers in the last 180 years in the same region were analysed. We found that glaciers advanced greatly in 1853-1888, and retreated in other years. However, in the 70’s of this century, the climatic condition is favorable for glacial advance.
• Select
  Some Advance in the Research Work of the Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cryopedology

  Shi Yafeng, Cheng Guodong

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1983, 5(4): 63-66. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1983.0066

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
• Select
  Ancient Rock Sea in Shennongjia Mountain

  Gao Fengqi

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1983, 5(4): 67-70. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1983.0067

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  Shennongjia Mountain is located in the mountainous region of the western Hubei province at about 31°20’-31°30’N with its summit 3105.5 m high near which the rock sea occupying a large area above 2800 m is very conspicuous. We decide that the rock sea was formed in the Wurm. glacial period. In post glacial period, with the vertical zones shifting upwards, the ancient rock sea gradually became steady and was subject to reformation under present climate. Accordingly, we come to the general conclusion that the rock sea line is always 250-350 m lower than the snow line at any time and at any place, and glacier couldn’t be formed in the Late Wurm, because the rock sea was formed at its peak during that period. As a fact, traces of glacier in the Late Wurm in Shennongjia Mountain have not been found.
• Select
  Basal Moraine Hills at Boduizangbu Basin in the Southeastern Tibet

  Yang Yichou

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1983, 5(4): 71-74. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1983.0068

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  In general, basal moraine hills, typical landform of ablation drift occur only in continental glaciated area. However, large stretches of them are found well preserved in the bed of glaciated U-shaped valleys of Boduizangbu basin in Southeastern Tibet, scattering on the inner side of the terminal moraines remained from the last glaciation of Late Pleistocene. From lower stream upward basal moraine hills increase both in number and in size, and connect one with another in the uppermost part. They consist of boulders, pebbles and coarse sand etc. all mixed up, and some-boulders and pebbles are quite rounded, showing that such basal moraines are ablation moraines of maritime glaciers in rapid retreat from gentle and broad valleys under action of fluvioglaciation. Basal moraine hills in this area are important in the study of both glaciology and exploration of sand ores.
• Select
  A Surging Glacier in the Nanjiabawa Peak Area, Himalayas

  Zhang Wenjing

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1983, 5(4): 75-76. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1983.0069

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
• Select
  Measuring Accuracy Analysis of the Heat Flux Plates

  Zhou Yunhua, Xiang Yueqin

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1983, 5(4): 77-88. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1983.0070

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  In this paper, the edge effect of the heat flux plate was examined and the measuring accuracy of the Japanese heat flux plate, TYPE CN-81, and Australian ones was analysed with method developed from the Philip’s theory.The output values from heat flux plates buried in various depths and in different types of soil in Geermu region were measured in the period of the Meteorological Experiment on the Qinghai-Xizang plateau during May-August, 1979, and a harmonic wave analysis of these results was made. Reasonability of time structure and space structure of the heat flux waves was examined according to heat diffusion equation. It showed that if the instrument constant of heat flux plates was assumed as a fixed value, the variation of the phases and the amplitudes of the heat flux waves measured by heat flux plates with depth is reasonable, but the absolute amplitude values contain error, for example, the measured mean values of the heat flux is about 14% lower in the meadow-saline soil, and about 1/3 lower in the gobi in Geermu region.
• Select
  Type Glacier-Ⅰ Hot-Water Ice Auger and Its Application

  Liang Suyun

  JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1983, 5(4): 91-95. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1983.0072

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save

  In this paper, construction, design and technical data of Type Glacier-I Hot-Water ice auger were introduced. This apparatus was successfully developed, the first of its kind in our country, and its experimental results at Tian Shan Glaciological Station were also given.It showed that the drilling speed is 27.27 m/h, reaching a depth of 109.91 m with a continual drilling on the Glacier No.1 in Tian Shan Glaciological Station (altitute 3,850 m).Experimental result shows that the device is reasonably designed and characterized by light-weight and portable, simple structure, easy operation and high efficiency. It is favourable for glacial investigation.