25 August 1981, Volume 2 Issue 3
    

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  • Ji Zixiu
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1980, 2(3): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1980.0033
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    The modern periglacial phenomena in the central part of Tian Shan in China reflect the fundamental characteristics of mountain periglacial process under continental climate at middle latitudes. Frost weathering is very strong, sorting action of thaw-freezing is secondary, while that of frost-heaving, frost breaking and solifluction is generally not prominent. The typical periglacial pattern is predominated by the so called "tropical type", i.e.mainly taking geometrical shape with various small scale forms at higher altitudes. The large size stone-circles with a diameter of several metres developed in the ancient cirques may not only due to great temperature ranges and strong sorting of thaw-freezing, but also due to cold winter and severe frost-cracking action. Furthermore,from the height of large size stone-circles of different periods, it is ascertained that the height of snow line on the southern slope at the source of Urumqi River in the "Little Ice Age" of 17th century was about 110 m lower than that of present.
  • Zhang Xiangsong
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1980, 2(3): 12-16. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1980.0034
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    The changes in the positions of glacier termini in Karakoram Mountains for the Period of 1938-1973 present a very heterogeneous picture. Among 5 glaciers on the northwest of Qogir Feng, (K2) 3 were retreating and 2 advancing.The Insukati Glacier with a length of 41.5 km is the longest in China.Though its lower reaches was covered by thick debris and its terminus stable in 1937-1968, yet the lowest position of bare ice stretched downward about 5 km. The Braldu Glacier located in Pakistan is 35 km long with its terminus covered by thick debris also. In 1937-1968, the position of the terminus was unchanged, Yet the lower limit of bare ice stretched 4 km downward and in 1968-1973 it developed to be having an eminent advance of terminus at a distance of 900 m.In contrast, the Skyang Glacier, K2 Glacier and Westmiyaz Glacier has retreated 4,250 m (137m/yr), 1,700m (50m/yr) and 550 m(18m/yr) respectively. In addition, the Skyang Glacier had retreated again by 1,000 m(200m/yr)in 1968-1973. However, the recession rate of K2 Glacier is obviously reduced during the same period.
  • Qiu Guoqing
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1980, 2(3): 17-23. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1980.0035
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    Under the effect of various natural factors, the permafrost distribution in the alpine-regions in west China is very complex. The past experience and lessons ought to be considered when the engineering-geological survey is to be undertaken in this regions. On the one hand, we must pay attention to its comprehensiveness, and on the other, we must take notice of stressing the main points of it, and make use of various methods comprehensively so as to get better results from least amount of work.The most important section of this paper is given to the discussion of methods, steps and principles of surveying in determining the limit of permafrost and ground ice regions.
  • Wang Zhengqiu
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1980, 2(3): 24-28. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1980.0036
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    From statistical analysis on laboratory results of frost heave in fine sand(equ.l and 2), it is found that the change of frost heave rate K in water saturated fine sand is between 0.35-8.69%, in which the decisive factor is the content of clay grain (<0.005mm) (see Fig. 1). when its content is less than 1 % of the total weight, there is no or only a very little migration of water in the fine sand and K<3.5%. The value K increases with the rise in the content of silt grain (0.05-0.005mm), but its influence is far below than of clay grain (see Fig. 2). The higher the content of grain greater than 0.05mm, the smaller the possibility of frost heave.
  • Chen Jianming
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1980, 2(3): 29-36. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1980.0037
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    Taking the surveying of Batura Glacier in Hunza Karakoram in Pakistan as example, the author stressed upon the method of measuring the variation of glacial surface by repeated terrestrial stereophotogra-phy and the importance of its accuracy and requirements. Data of variation of the glacial terminal surface of Batura Glacier from 1974 to 1978, of its mass changes and of the advance of its ice terminus were obtained. Thus, reliable evidences for the study of the glacier were provided.
  • Huang Yizh, Gu Zhongwei, Wan Tianqi, Gao Yuanjin
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1980, 2(3): 37-39. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1980.0038
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    This paper presents some results of experiment by radio-echo sounding on a mountain glacier,the Yanglong River Glacier,Qilian Shan,China, with a 160 MHz pulse-radar system, a radio-echo sounder. Bottom echoes were observed distinctly on the radio-echo sounder.The ice depth at every point was calculated and the profiles of ice thickness were obtained. At the same time, some weak echoes were recorded also, possibly induced by the interior structure of the Glacier and some irregular echoes appeared also to be eliminated in the future.
  • Wang Seiyoa
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1980, 2(3): 40-45. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1980.0039
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    Basing on the observed data in the experimental field, in Inner Mongolia, the author fully analyzed and discussed the questions of frost heave rate, ground temperature, frost heave (or frost contraction) and frost heave force, etc.in different levels of ground-water under the conditions of various soil.
  • Li Shude, Guo Dongxin
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 1980, 2(3): 46-50. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.1980.0040
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    Observations of thermal state in the tunnel of Tumegela Coal Mine show that the freezing circle and the thawing circle formed near the. entrance of the tunnel change according to the variation of seasonal temperature and strongly affect the stability of it. In addition, it is also obviously influenced by the water content of the frozen soil, the property of the rock, and the degree of cracking and fragmentation. Substatial suggestions for the stability of the tunnel :1) rational ventilation is necessary to keep the rock in frozen or to prevent it from perpetual thawing, 2)heatig facilities must be kept at a definite distance from the entrance of the tunnel, 3)tunnel dug in the frozen soil must be properly framed soon after digging was raised.