Tarim Basin is the China's largest semi-closed inland basin. The basin suffers from natural disasters frequently, such as drought, wind, dust storm, flood and earthquake.To study how to improve the ability against natural disasters in the basin, Aksu Prefecture was taken as an example. By extensive reference of the evaluation index systems and evaluation models of disaster vulnerability at home and abroad, on thebackground of multi-disasters, evaluation index systems about regional natural disaster vulnerability for the cities in the basin were established. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was applied to evaluate the vulnerability of natural disaster. In this paper, various indexes were computed and contrastively analyzed.The result shows that Aksu City, Xinhe County and Awat County own the high level of vulnerability; Wensu County and Xayar County own the moderate level of vulnerability; Kuqa County, Baicheng County, Wushi CountyandKalpin County own the low level of vulnerability. In the meantime, combining regional characteristics, countermeasures and suggestions against the disasters are put forward,which are useful for reducing the vulnerability and mitigating the effectsof natural disasters in the basin.