25 October 2017, Volume 39 Issue 5
    

  • Select all
    |
  • The variation of glaciers in Nepal during 1980-2010
    LI Qiaoyuan, XIE Zichu, DAI Yanan, LIAO Shufen
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 935-948. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0104
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Nepalese glaciers locate so remotely that they are very difficult to access and less studied regions in the High Asia. The primary goal of this article is to dissect the characteristics of the variation of the Nepalese glaciers during 1980-2010. The theory of the study is the glacier system, which regards the glaciers that have some characteristics on an average as a single unit, that can be divided by a river, mountain or region. Triple Nepalese glacier inventories, the Landsat data and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were analyzed by using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and Excel. The data are analyzed from 1980 through 2010. To test the statistical results, the glacier system function model, a dynamic model of glacier change tendency under climate change, which is able to simulate the glacier change macroscopically, was served to simulate the historical glacier change. The result shows that:(1) The mean glacier size in Nepal is small, about 1.02 km2; the glacier equilibrium line altitude (ELA) distributes in a large span, most of which is between 3 250 and 8 650 m.s.l., with a mean ELA of 5 601 m a.s.l. (2) Topography has a determining role to the ELA of Nepalese glaciers. The ELA is rising with latitude with many eminent centers around the mountain peak. (3) During 1980-2010, the Nepalese glaciers had retreated as a whole, while the glacier amount had increased with glacierized area/reserve decreased, i.e., 378 glaciers increased and glacierized area and reserve reducing 24% and 29%, respectively, as a whole. Smaller glacier shrank quicker than the larger one. Ratio of glacier retreat was very dissimilar to each other in the altitude belt from 3 150 m a.s.l. to 8 650 m a.s.l., with a ratio of -0.01%~-3.33% per year. The Nepalese glaciers reduced faster during 1980-1990 than that in other two decades. And every sub-glacier system had its own change pace; the smaller sub-glacier system changed quicker than the larger one. (4) Using the historical temperature change rate as the parameters of the glacier system function model, it is possible to imitate the historical glacier system change under global warming.
  • The formation of permafrost in the bottom of the Zonag Lake in Hoh Xil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau after an outburst: monitoring and simulation
    ZHANG Yuxin, XIE Changwei, ZHAO Lin, WU Tonghua, PANG Qiangqiang, LIU Guangyue, WANG Wu, LIU Wenhui
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 949-956. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0105
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In September 2011, Lake Zonag, a famous lake in the Hoh Xil area, was broken after years of expansion and the lake body shrank dramatically. Permafrost developed on the bottom of the lake after the lake outburst. Based on the data of meteorological and ground temperature by the lake, the formation process of permafrost on the bottom of the lake was analyzed. Observation data indicated that the permafrost base increased to 4.9, 5.4 and 5.7 m, respectively, in 2012, 2013 and 2014 in borehole 1. By using numerical model, the rate and process of permafrost formation were simulated. Simulation results show that the thickness of the frozen soil layer increases with time, and that it will take 200 years for the frozen soil to reach 30 m. The lower the temperature, the faster the formation of frozen soil. When the surface temperature is unchanged, the rate of permafrost formation will decrease with the increase of soil water content.
  • MIS 3 glacial advance of the paleo-Daocheng Ice Cap, southestern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
    ZHANG Zhigang, WANG Jian, HE Yuanqing, HE Ze, QI Cuishan, LI Panpan
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 957-966. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0106
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The MIS 3 (Marine Isotope Stage 3) was a special period during the past global climate evolution process. It is important for getting more details about MIS 3 for deeply understanding the regional change of paleo-climate and paleo-environment. The paleo-Daocheng Ice Cap is situated in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, where the glacial remnants (including the oldest moraines in the Hengduan Mountains) have been well preserved, which provides a natural laboratory to study the glacial history and climate change during Quaternary. Although there has been a lot of work in this area, consensus has not reached on the time of the maximum glaciation and whether glacier advance during MIS 3. In this paper, the possibility of MIS 3 glacial advance in paleo-Daocheng Ice Cap is explored based on the climatic records (stalagmites, ice cores, marine sediments and pollen data) and the dating data of glacial advance in the plateau (include the paleo-Daocheng Ice Cap) and around areas during MIS 3. The results showed that glaciers had advanced during 43~53 ka (MIS 3). This research will provide new data for climate and environment reconstruction.
  • Freezing rain disasters in Southwest China: characteristic analysis and evaluation
    WANG Yuetong, LI Dongliang
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 967-978. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0304
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on daily data from 96 meteorological stations from 1961 through 2015, the meteorological element variations in relation to freezing rain occurred in southwest China were analyzed by using fuzzy information distribution method, in order to establish freezing rain weather assessment indexes. The results show that a comprehensive meteorological threshold condition can be used to assess freezing rain weather, i.e., the daily average temperature less than or equal to 2℃, daily maximum temperature less than or equal to 8℃, daily minimum temperature less than or equal to 0℃, relative humidity more than or equal to 80% and sunshine hours less than or equal to 2 hours. The number of days with freezing rain has a unimodal variation from November through March. In the southern margin of Sichuan Basin, the vast majority of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the eastern Hunan Province, there is a high freezing rain index, indicating that there is a serious area suffering from freezing rain. Temperature in the Tibet Plateau and the Western Sichuan Plateau is low, but the relative humidity is small, and the sunshine time is long, which does not meet the conditions of freezing rain. Therefore, the risk of freezing rain is small. In recent years, the intensity of freezing rain in Southwest China has been decreasing. The indexes can be used to reconstruct the freezing rain intensity index sequence in various sites, and thus to evaluate the spatial distribution of freezing rain disaster in Southwest China.
  • Spatial distribution and features of the snow cover during accumulation period in the middle reaches of the Kelan River, Altay region, Xinjiang
    ZHUO Yue, XIAO Pengfeng, FENG Xuezhi, ZHANG Xueliang, YANG Yongke, YE Lizao, LI Chengxi, BIAN Guodong, HU Rui
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 979-988. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0311
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Altay Prefecture of Xinjiang is one of the regions with abundant seasonal snow water resources in China. The snow properties in the middle reaches of the Kelan River were measured and the spatial and temporal features of them were analyzed. Snow depth and density were measured using snow scales, electronic scale and gauge. Using SnowFork and portable USB-loupe, the snow properties such as permittivity, wetness, density, grain size and temperature were measured in situ. Measurement of snow depth has indicated that the spatial distribution of snow depth in the study area is quite various and the snow depth in north is more than that in south. The water content less than 1% indicate that snow is dry or moist with less liquid water content. The snow density is approximate 0.183 g·cm-3 on December 13 and 0.199 g·cm-3 on December 16, with a fast proceeding of densification. Temperature of snow cover increases generally from surface to bottom and the snow cover often works like a heat insulation layer. Snow temperature at any layers under cloudy is higher than that under sunny, but the diurnal variation of snow cover temperature under cloudy is less than that under sunny. There is lowest temperature in the sub-top of snow after 14:00 under cloudy. The grain size of snow is between fine and coarse, indicating that the snow is fresh.
  • Research on the snow characteristics at different slope position in the low mountain areas in Northeast China
    CAO Zhi, FAN Haoming
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 989-996. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0109
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The effect of slope position on snow characteristics was explored in this paper. Snow Fork was used to collect snow parameters (such as snow depth, snow density and liquid water content), then the variation, the difference and the cause of snow cover in different slope positions were analyzed. The results showed that:slope position can significantly affect the characteristics of snow, especially the surface snow, and the snow surface temperature has a significant positive correlation with reflected radiation intensity of snow; shady slope and sunny slope have the same trend in changing liquid water content of each slope positions, but the maximum liquid water content on the sunny slope appears in the upper position, the maximum liquid water content appears in middle position on the sunny slope; under the influence of liquid water content increasing, shady slope and sunny slope snow density is gradually increasing, and the snow density gradually decreases with depth of each slope position; in the experimental area, the snow liquid water content on the sunny slope is the first to respond to the environmental changes, and then changing the snow density; on shady slope, the snow liquid water content first response to the environmental changes, followed by snow depth. This study will provide a theoretical basis for studying snowmelt runoff formation, snow erosion prevention and seasonal snow cover ecosystem assessment.
  • Characteristics and variation of the taliks along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
    SUN Zhizhong, WEN Zhi, MU Yanhu, WU Guilong, YUN Hanbo, ZHANG Shujuan
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 997-1003. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0301
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on the long-tern monitoring of ground temperature and deformation of taliks along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway from 2006 through 2013, the characteristics of taliks in the Monitoring Sites R1-R4 are analyzed. The four taliks were infiltration-radiation talik in the north Tuotuo River (R1), river talik in the Xiudongqu (R2), river talik in the west Zhajiazangbu River (R3) and infiltration-radiation talik in Walixilitangpen (R4), respectively. The results indicate that the ground temperature in Site R1 had increased with time and the talik had been under development; the ground temperature and talik in Site R2 had been in a stable state; in Site R3, the ground temperature had obviously increased and the talik had extended rapidly; in Site R4, the deep ground temperature had been relatively stable and the talik had been also in a state of stability. The pereletok had not been formed beneath the embankments in Sites R1, R3 and R4, but it possibly had been formed beneath the embankment in Site R2. During the monitoring period, the accumulative settlement of each embankment was less than 50 mm, meeting the requirement of design standard.
  • Spatiotemporal change characteristics of extreme precipitation indices in Jilin Province from 1961 through 2015
    REN Jingquan, GUO Chunming, LIU Yuxi, WANG Liwei, LI Qi
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1004-1011. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0111
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this paper, the features of eleven indices of extreme precipitation over Jilin Province were examined broadly through the RClimDex v1.1 software based on daily precipitation data from 50 meteorological stations from 1961 through 2015. The methods of inverse distance weighted (IDW), linear trend estimate and Morlet wavelet analysis were employed to delineate the spatiotemporal change, statistical significance and periodicity of extreme precipitation indices. The results showed that consecutive dry days (CDD) decreased from west to east, and other extreme precipitation indices increased from west to east. The CDD showed a significant decline trend by -1.99 d·(10a)-1. However, the linear trends of other extreme precipitation indices were not obvious. Each extreme precipitation indices in the province reached its minimum in the 1970s. Most extreme precipitation indices had periodic variations about 3 and 12 years, and the main cycle around 3 years has passed the test of 0.05 significance level. Apart from the CDD, which reduced dramatically with longitude and altitude and increased with latitude, most of the extreme precipitation indices increased with longitude and altitude and decreased with latitude.
  • Drought climate characteristics in Southwest China based on the modified surface humidity index
    YAN Yuqian, ZHU Keyun, LI Jianyun, ZHANG Jie, JIN Zhichuan
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1012-1021. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0112
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on the data of daily mean temperature and precipitation from 96 meteorology stations in Southwest China and the ERA-20C reanalysis daily data from 1961 to 2014, using the method of REOF, the surface humidity index (SHI) and modified surface humidity index (MSHI) were calculated in order to study the time and space distribution characteristics in Southwest China. The following conclusions can be drawn:(1) looking from the first four models of REOF, the soil moisture has decreased in the 50 years in Southwest China, except for the western Sichuan Plateau, especially obviously in the Sichuan Basin and southern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. (2) according to the result of REOF space modals, climatic division in Southwest China was able to present; based on different climatic divisions and monthly average precipitation, the surface humidity index (SHI) could be improved to modified surface moisture index (MSHI), as a result, both SHI and MSHI had certain similarities in annual precipitation on space distribution:low index area in accordance with the weak precipitation area, northwest being relatively dry, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau being relatively moist in the south. (3) looking from the spatial distribution, MSHI was closer to the rainfall distribution than SHI; moreover, its spatial continuity was better; looking from the time series, compared with SHI, MSHI can reflect drought years better in Southwest China. This study has important significance for water resource utilization and understanding climate change in the future.
  • The changing characteristics of soluble ions in PM2.5 in summer over Laohugou region in the Qilian Mountains
    ZHANG Yange, XU Jianzhong, YU Guangming
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1022-1028. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0309
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In order to investigate the characteristics of water-soluble ions in atmospheric particles in northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau, a field study was carried out at the Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology of Ecologic Environment from 16 July to 11 August, 2016. A total of 13 PM2.5 filter samples and 4 sets of size-segregated aerosol samples had been taken. Results indicated that sum of total water-soluble ions concentrations was 2.35 μg·m-3 in non-dust period, which was slightly higher than the results observed in 2012, with the concentrations of SO42-, Ca2+, NH4+, NO3- being 1.28, 0.33, 0.32, and 0.28 μg·m-3, accounting for 94% of the total water-soluble ions. The sum of total water-soluble ions concentrations was 12.63 μg·m-3 in dust period, which was five times of that in non-dust period, with the concentrations of SO42-, Ca2+, Cl-, Na+, NO3- in this period being 5.36, 4.77, 0.80, 0.62, 0.61 μg·m-3, accounting for 96% of the total water-soluble ions. From the analysis of size-segregated samples, one can see that NO3- was mainly distributed in the coarse mode, probably formed by the heterogeneous reaction of precursors on surface of atmospheric particles. In all periods, SO42- shows an obvious peak in the coarse mode at size bin of 1.8~3.2 μm, mainly from mineral dust and in non-dust period, SO42- also shows a significant peak in the accumulation mode at the size bins of 0.18~0.32 μm or 0.32~0.56 μm, formed from secondary chemical reactions. The estimated contribution of the secondary chemical reactions to SO42- is 80%.
  • The gradually improving scientific research paradigm on Quaternary glaciation in China: a review of the 4th Conference on Quaternary Glaciation and Environmental Variation in China
    WANG Nai'ang, ZHAO Jingdong, YU Yingxiao, YU Xinran, ZHANG Wenjia
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1029-1038. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0403
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Glaciers are sensitive to climate change and have been called as landmass thermometer by some scholars. The Quaternary glaciation research has a significant position in earth sciences. In August 2017, the 4th Conference on Quaternary Glaciation and Environmental Variation in China had been held successfully in Lanzhou. The attendees considered that the combination of geomorphology and stratigraphy, as well as some new dating techniques, had effectively promoted the Quaternary glaciation research in China (e.g., the comparison between glacial-interglacial cycles and marine oxygen isotope stages in the past 800 ka in China). Through the academic discussions, most of the attendees and some experts argued some questionable glacial landforms in eastern China (east to 105° E), especially in the middle-low mountain areas, which could be explained by non-glaciogenic. Additionally, the experts demonstrated that comprehensive research of petrographic geomorphology, climatic geomorphology and exogenic process needs to be strengthened in the future, especially the classification, formation mechanisms and environmental significance studies of microscale glacial erosion landforms, such as chatter mark. It was said that it is time for the scientists in this field to shoulder the historical responsibility and to correct the defects and deficiencies of the extensive-glacial theory in eastern China, which will help us to do further research on scientific facts, scientific theories and scientific concepts, in the end, the Quaternary glaciation theory in China will be improved. It was strongly recommended that one of the national academic organization should compile technical specifications for the Quaternary glaciation research and evaluation. In addition, more work should be done to train the related teachers in universities and colleges throughout the country. At the same time, the glaciology, Quaternary glaciation and glacial geomorphology should be popularized and publicized.
  • Comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the international polar research from 2010 to 2016
    NIU Yibo, ZHANG Shuliang, ZHAO Jidong, XIONG Yonglan, WU Xiuping
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1039-1046. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0115
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Polar research is of great significance in the climate system, global resources and strategies. With the high development in the polar region, polar research has increasingly become the core and a hot topic in the field of earth and environment. The development pattern and trends of polar research from 2010 to 2016 were analyzed based on the SCI articles about polar research included in the Web of Science database and using the bibliometric methods and international policies and strategies. The results show that:(1) The number of articles published in international polar research in recent years had been increasing at an average annual rate of 3.6%. (2) Developed countries and countries at high latitudes were the major research forces in polar regions, among which the United States had taken absolute superiority. (3) A total of 915 SCI-sourced periodicals had published international polar research articles from 57 countries, among which the United States journals had accounted for one-third. (4) By combing the EU's priority research areas of polar research with literature measurement method, it is concluded that the new development direction of polar research in the future will focus on humanities and social factors, and emphasized the influence of human civilization and new technology application on polar research. It is suggested that Chinese researchers should pay close attention to the development and progress of the international polar research, and encourage experts in the field of oceanography, meteorology, geology, ecology environment, biology, sociology and political sciences to carry out polar studies in a planned way and win the voice and participation in the international polar research.
  • Development and application of frost heaving experimental system based on the digital image processing
    WANG Yongtao, WANG Dayan, MA Wei, WEN Zhi, XU Xiangtian, DU haimin
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1047-1056. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0116
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Frost heave development is significant for understanding the frost heave mechanism. In the past, the numerical models were used to predict the frost heave development process. However, the predicted results including the evolution of the cryostructure, the ice lens segregation process and the water migration process could not be verified in laboratory. The digital image processing technology system was used in this paper to understand the frost heave process. The system contains three parts, i.e., image real-time collection, image preprocessing and image digitalization. The frost heave process of the silt from the Tibetan Plateau was studied based on the digital image processing technology system. The following conclusions were drawn. The cryostructure along the soil vertical profile could be divided into three zones from the cold end to warm end:tiny thin layer structural zone, thin layer structural zone, thick layer structural zone. The ice lens segregation in lower part of the thin layer structural zone were the major cause of the frost heave. The ice lens segregation in the thick layer structure induced the consolidation of the unfrozen specimen. The ice lens segregation in the soil specimen matched well with the frost heave process. These conclusions indicate that the digital image processing technology has a good application in the study of the frost heave process. It is expected that the system built in this paper will provide an experimental method and a basis for the study of the frost heave models and the verification of these models.
  • Superiority of LAS in observation on heterogeneous surface and its preliminary application for the validation of land surface models in Longzhong Loess Plateau
    HAO Xiaocui, ZHANG Qiang, YANG Zesu, HUANG Jing
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1057-1064. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0117
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The commonly used surface fluxes observed by Eddy Covariance system (EC) have the problems of energy unclosure and limited representative areas. The improvement of surface heat fluxes measurement is a critical for the validation of land surface models. The development of Large Aperture Scintillometer (LAS) effectively improved this situation. On the basis of observations from January to June 2010 and CLM modeled flux data of the same period, an analysis was made on the improvements of EC observed surface unclosure and validation of CLM by LAS. Results showed that:LAS efficiently improved the surface unclosure observed by EC, especially over heterogeneous surface; LAS could avoid the bias caused by the energy unclosure of EC and mismatch between spatial scales of CLM and EC when applied to validate the sensible heat flux modeled by CLM. Our study shows that LAS is more appropriate for the model validation in large scales, better performance compared to EC.
  • Study of water-thermal characteristics and frost heave process monitoring in the roadbed of cutting section in seasonally frozen soil regions
    CAO Li
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1065-1074. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0118
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The safe operation of high-speed railway was seriously affected by the frost heave in seasonally frozen regions. Based on a cutting section of roadbed in Changchun City along Harbin-Dalian Passenger Railway Line, a new subgrade structure with graded broken stone, waterproof geomembrane, packing and composite geomembrane was constructed. Temperature, water content and frost heave in different positions and depths were monitored and then the hydro-thermal and frost heave properties in the subgrade of seasonally frozen regions were studied. The results showed that the composite geomembrane could prevent water migration in frozen period. For the roadbed in cutting section, the frozen depth in slope toe is relative deep, deeper than that at the central of the subgrade. The primary factor was water content, which effected the frost heave in upper and middle layers, and the deformation in lower layer was controlled by the quality of filler due to the temperature was always higher than zero.
  • Matters needing attention in collection and pretreatment of snow and ice samples in chemical analysis
    WANG Xiaoxiang, XIAO Cunde, GAO Xinsheng, GUO Zhilong, CUI Xiaoqing, ZHAO Xueru, WANG Xiaobo
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1075-1083. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0119
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Snow and ice can be served as an important indicator to retrieve the past climate and environment conditions, which even covers hundreds of thousands of years. Its environmental record has become an important basis for studying climate and climate change. The chemical analysis of snow and ice samples is an important means to achieve this goal. Snow and ice chemical analysis, including snow and ice samples collection, transportation, ice core sample extraction and segmentation processes, are the key links. In this paper, the above key links are pointed out. In addition, due to a big issue of the current conventional ice-melting system (ICP-SMS), a new method continuous melting of discrete samples (CMDS) is presented, which can be used to analyze the incomplete particle dissolution and trace elements accurately.
  • The first well in permafrost regions: Shergin Well
    ZHANG Ze, WU Qingbai, Mikhail ZHELEZNIAK, JIN Huijun
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1084-1088. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0120
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Shergin Well is located at the center of Yakutsk City, Sakha Republic, Russia Eastern Siberia, with a total depth of 116.5-m. It is the first well more than 100 meters in permafrost regions in the world. This well had dug from 1827 to 1837. The well was excavated by a Russian business man Fedor Shergin (φедор Шергин) for potable water. Temperature data of Shergin Well confirm that there was permafrost long before description in many classical works. It is not only important as a cultural and historical heritage, but also an important evidence showing the occurrence of permafrost, enriching the geocryology greatly.
  • Supermodular game analysis of water resources management systems: take the Qiantang River and Heihe River as examples
    CHEN Huixiong, XU Feifei, WANG Xiaopeng
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1089-1097. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0313
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this paper, by introducing the theory of supermodular game into the analysis of river basin water resources management systems, the external environment constraints and internal incentives in the execution of river basin water resources management policy are explained and the relation between management domain and external domain is described through the model describes. It is found that there is a paramount role of the supermodular structure in the game of water resources in the Qiantang River and Heihe River basins. In the Qiantang River basin the revenue function of the water resources management has an increasing difference between institution governance variable and economic domains governance variable. In the Heihe River basin the revenue function has an increasing difference between water resources management institution governance variable and social domains governance variable. Thus, regional heterogeneity engenders. Specifically speaking, the Qiantang River basin water resources management focuses on flat and functional management; the Heihe River basin is water resources hierarchical allocation. Finally, depending on the study results, some institutional suggestions are put forward.
  • Change and relationship of temperature and precipitation in Inner Mongolia during 1951-2014
    LI Hongyu, MA Long, LIU Tingxi, DU YanXia, LIU Ming
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1098-1112. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0308
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has a vast territory with complex and varied climate. The study of climate change has certain reference value for the construction of ecological environment and the development and utilization of water resources. Based on the temperature and precipitation data from 70 meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia and its surrounding areas during 1951-2014, the characteristics and relationship of temperature and precipitation are analyzed by using the method of cluster and climate tendency rate. The result shows that annual (seasonal) average, minimum and maximum temperature changes in space increase with the increase of the latitude while precipitation is opposite to this trend. The annual changes of various types of temperature show an upward trend, among which the increasing rate of minimum temperature is the fastest. The climate tendency rate of the west, middle and east reached 0.427℃·(10a)-1、0.442℃·(10a)-1、0.395℃·(10a)-1 respectively. All kinds of temperature increase apparently in spring (winter). The overall trend shows that the minimum temperature contributes the most to climate warming. Interannual change of precipitation is pronounced yet the overall trend is inconspicuous. Precipitation in spring shows an upward trend and it increases the fastest in the central area[1.583 mm·(10a)-1], while it shows a downward trend during summer. Annual precipitation and various types of temperature are negatively correlated. Except that during some period the change of annual and seasonal (except for few summers) precipitation in divided regions is consistent with the change of all kinds of temperature, in other time they are opposite to each other. With the increase of temperature and decrease of precipitation, climate in the study area is developing toward warming and drying.
  • Areal precipitation features revealed by high-resolution gridded dataset in the Tibetan Plateau during 2008-2013
    YANG Sen, ZHANG Mingjun, WANG Shengjie, WANG Jie, CHEN Rong, MA Rong, PAN Sumin
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1113-1121. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0123
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this paper, based on hourly merged precipitation dataset and observations at meteorological stations derived from the national automatic weather stations and CMORPH (Climate Prediction Center Morphing technique) product at a 0.1°×0.1° high-resolution, the variations of seasonal and hourly areal precipitations on the Tibetan Plateau were analyzed by using linear analysis. The results showed that:(1) The spatial distribution of precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau could be exactly reflected by the 0.1°×0.1° high-resolution gridded dataset. The areal precipitation in southeast edge of the plateau is generally larger than that in northwest. There were 65.48% stations having a percent bias less than 20% between gridded dataset and observations, with 48 stations exhibiting correlation coefficient more than 0.9. (2) The annual mean areal precipitation was 133.42×1010 m3, mostly in summer, accounting for 51.48% of the total. The areal precipitation in spring, summer, autumn and winter were all increasing, with the rate of 0.40×1010, 3.11×1010, 1.30×1010 and 0.92×1010 m3·a-1. (3) The peak time of areal precipitation in the plateau was during 19:00-20:00 (Beijing Time). Hourly areal precipitation increased from 17:00 to 02:00 (Beijing Time).
  • A study on the change of three functional microorganism quantities in habitat substrate under freezing-thawing cycles
    ZHANG Linyao, LIU Daxiang, XU Wennian, TONG Biao
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1122-1129. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0124
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To reveal the quantitative change of functional microbes in typical habitat substrate in the alpine regions, the freezing-thawing cycle test was conducted. Using yellow-brown loam as soil specimen, three habitat substrates including carrying soil, vegetation concrete and vegetation concrete adding microorganism were prepared with two kinds of initial moisture content. According to the test, the effects of habitat substrate type, initial moisture content and frequency of freezing-thawing cycle on the functional microbe quantities in substrate were explored. The results were as follows:(1) The functional microbe quantities in the three kinds of substrates were significantly affected by the frequency of freezing-thawing cycle, with a change trend of descending, rising and then decreasing again with the increase of cycle times. (2) During the freezing-thawing cycles, there were significant differences in the total quantity of functional microbes among three substrates; the sequence of significant variance was:vegetation concrete adding microorganism > vegetation concrete > carrying soil; the quantity of nitrogen fixation and potassium solubilizing of microorganisms were significantly lower than the quantity of phosphate-solubilizing. (3) The total quantity of functional microbes in the substrate with an initial moisture content of 22% was higher than that with an initial moisture content of 18%. According to the above results, the frost resistance of vegetation concrete adding microorganism is higher than that of carrying soil and vegetation concrete, while the functional microorganisms agent still needs to be improved to adapt to the freezing-thawing environment in the alpine regions.
  • Analysis of vegetation changes in the Qilian Mountains during 2000-2015
    JIANG Youyan, DU Wentao, HUANG Jin, ZHAO Huizhen, WANG Chengfu
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1130-1136. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0401
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Variations of vegetation play an important influence on regional ecosystem stability and ecological environment. In this paper, the MOD13A3 data were used to investigate the vegetation coverage in the Qilian Mountains during 2000-2015. The digital elevation model (DEM) and land cover classification were also applied to divide the interval altitude and different lands use to further discuss spatiotemporal pattern and variations of vegetation coverage, and then to analyze the climatic response by using meteorological data. The results presented that the vegetation coverage pattern in the Qilian Mountains is more in the east and less in the west, consistent with the spatial distribution of precipitation. The bush wood and alpine sparse meadow had grown better from 2000 through 2008, after then, they had gone worse. Meanwhile, alpine sylvosteppe and alpine meadow had become better. The whole vegetation coverage in the Qilian Mountains is increasing, which might be caused by the climatic changing to warmer and wetting.
  • Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of land cover and land surface temperature in Mohe County, Helongjiang Province
    LU Yan, YU Wenbing, GUO Ming, LIU Weibo
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1137-1149. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0126
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this paper, the Xilinji Town, Mohe County of Heilongjiang Province and its surrounding areas have been taken as study area. The land use type and land surface temperature was gained from the Landsat Satellite images based on the RS and GIS techniques. Spatiotemporal variation characteristics and the influencing factors of the land surface temperature over the study area in 1988, 2000, 2010 and 2015 and in different seasons in 2015 were analyzed and discussed. The results indicated that the land use classification and retrieved land surface temperature were accurate and reasonable. From 1988 through 2015, after a post fire reconstruction and urbanization, the construction land area had increased by 11.33 km2. There were 79.02% of the land surface without plants in winter because of snow cover, and over 80% of the land surface with high vegetation cover in summer. The surface temperature of the urban was usually higher than the average surface temperature of the whole area, with a temperature difference up to 6.37℃ mostly in summer. In winter, the land surface temperature significantly correlated with elevation, with an averaged land surface temperature gradient of 2.27℃ per 100 m. Besides, NDVI was negatively related to land surface temperature; the surface temperature of different use types was from low to high order of water-woodland-grassland-naked land-building land.
  • Study of coordination of population urbanization with land urbanization in Harbin, a cold northern city
    LUO Pan, YANG Xu, WAN Luhe, WU Xiangli, ZHOU Jia
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1150-1156. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0127
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The population urbanization and land urbanization are two important parts of urbanization. Both have different function and role in the urbanization of Harbin, a cold northern city. The population urbanization refers to the population proportion of rural relatively reducing and the urban population proportion relatively increasing. This is a process of population to concentrate in urban area. Population urbanization is the core of urbanization. Land urbanization is the process, in which the rural land changes into the urban land and the main performance is increasing urban construction land. Land urbanization is the carrier of urbanization. The population urbanization and land urbanization are mutual constraint and mutual influence. Since the 1990s, the speed of urbanization development has accelerated in Harbin. This study takes Harbin City as the research area, and sets up the evaluation index system of population urbanization and land urbanization, respectively. The population urbanization includes three level indicators:the index of population structure, the index of population quality and the index of population economics. The land urbanization also includes three level indicators:the land use structure, the land use efficiency and the land use intensity. This evaluation index system has altogether 26 secondary indicators. In this paper, the entropy method is used to calculate each index weight, combined with the model of coordinated development. The internal coordination of population urbanization, the internal coordination of land urbanization, the coordination degree and coordination development level of population urbanization and land urbanization in Harbin during 1997-2014 were studied. Regression analysis was made for population urbanization, land urbanization and coordination development level of urbanization. The following points were found:During the study period, the Harbin's internal coordination of population urbanization and the internal coordination of land urbanization showed an accelerating urbanization period, followed by a steady period. In the 1990s, the internal coordination of population urbanization and the internal coordination of land urbanization had rapidly improved. After into the 21st century, the coordination degree of internal coordination of population urbanization and internal coordination of land urbanization has remained at around 0.9 and less fluctuate, with high internal coordination degree. Comprehensively looking from the coordination degree and relative development degree of population urbanization and land urbanization, one can see that there are basically in a low-grade coordination stage, except a highly coordinated stage in 1999-2000 during the study period. The asynchronization of population urbanization and land urbanization is a restricting factor of the coordinated development of population urbanization and land urbanization. The population urbanization and land urbanization are positive correlation with the coordination development level of population urbanization and land urbanization. As for impacting on coordination development level, population urbanization is larger than land urbanization.
  • Causes and protective strategy of wetlands in the middle reaches of the Xida River in Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province
    HU Aiping, LIU Wanfeng, LI Shengyong, ZHAO Xin, YANG Yang
    JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY AND GEOCRYOLOGY. 2017, 39(5): 1157-1162. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2017.0128
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In arid regions, such as Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province, Northwest China, wetland is rare and valuable especially. There are four wetlands in the middle reaches of the Xida River in Yongchang County of the corridor, i.e., Liukezhuang, Jiaojiazhuang, Beihaizi and Shengrongsi, with an total area of 20.38 km2. Formation of the wetlands results from hydrogeological conditions, which are controlled by landform-structure, and inter-transformation and interaction of surface water and groundwater (spring water). Since the 20th century, wetland area has been gradually reducing and shrinking in the middle reaches with climate warming and the overuse of water resources. The main counter measures to protect the limited wetland resources of this area are to reinforce the ecological environment protection in runoff formation and water conservation areas in the upper reaches of the Xida River and to reduce the use of surface water and exploitation groundwater in the middle reaches.
Copyright © Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, All Rights Reserved.
Tel: 0931-8260767　
E-mail：edjgg@lzb.ac.cn
Total visitors: 　 Visitors of today: 　 Now online:
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd,.