25 June 2019, Volume 41 Issue 3
    

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  • The effects of altitude on temperature, precipitation and climatic zone in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
    ZHANG Yuxin, LI Yu, ZHU Gengrui
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 505-515. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0513
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    With an average elevation of 4 000-5 00.m, the Tibetan Plateau has a vulnerable ecological environment and is very sensitive to climate change because of its special geographical condition. At the same time, the plateau has an critical influence on surrounding and global climate. As an important factor influencing the temperature and precipitation, altitude has been less mentioned in the previous studies, or just for a few height mountains not for the entire region. In this paper, precipitation, temperature and elevation 0.5°×0.5° DEM data have been used to study the relationship between temperature, precipitation, climatic and altitudes on the plateau. Data from 110 weather stations are used to analyzed them. Then, the Tibetan Plateau has been divided by K ppen climate classification and physical geographical regionalization, and the altitude effects on temperature, precipitation, climatic zones and their mechanisms have been discussed. One can see that the vertical lapse rates of the Tibetan Plateau and its partition are not identical, because the plateau has various terrains, leading to different utility of heat sources. There are differences of the relationships between precipitation and elevation, due to controlling by different climate systems, resulting in various humidities and different maximum precipitation zones.
  • GPS depth sounding and ice volume estimating in the Gani Glacier in Ngari Prefecture, Tibet
    JIN Shengqiang, TIAN Lide
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 516-524. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0067
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    Glacial thickness and subglacial topography are quite valuable data. In May 2018, the pulse EKKO PRO Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) was used to sound the ice thickness of Gani Glacier, which is in the southern Karakoram Mountains in Ngari Prefecture of Tibet. Combined with differential GPS data, remote sensing image data and topographic data, spatial distribution of glacial thickness was calculated by Kriging interpolation method. The thickness characteristics of transverse and longitudinal profiles of GPR lines were analyzed. Subglacial topographic map of the glacier was drawn, together with ice depth distribution, and ice volume was estimated. It was found that subglacial topographic has spatial differences, rugged in the east branch, but relatively gentle in the west branch. Glaciation is mainly characterized by down cutting; the glacierized area is 4.31 km2; the average depth of the glacier is 51.2 m and the maximum ice depth is 136.6 m at 5 970 m a.s.l., which is in the east branch of the glacier; the ice volume is 0.218 km3.
  • Estimation and analysis of surface deformation in the permafrost area of Wudaoliang based on Sentinel-1 data
    ZHOU Huayun, ZHAO Lin, TIAN Liming, WU Zhenming, XIE Meizhen, YUANLiming, NI Jie, QIAO Yongping, GAO Zesheng, SHI Jianzong
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 525-536. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0072
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    Frequent freeze-thaw cycles of the active layer can cause surface deformation, and thus monitoring surface deformation, to a certain extent, can reflect permafrost development in the context of climate warming. In this study, the time-series of surface deformation in Wudaoliang region from 2014 to 2017 has been obtained and analyzed its relations with environmental factors by using the Sentinel-1 data, SBAS-InSAR technology, and in-situ observations. The results indicated that the surface deformation of this region showed a subsidence trend, in accordance with the in-situ observations, with the relative error and RMSE of 22.4% and 4.3 mm, respectively. The annual change rate of deformation and relative error was -10.28 mm and 14.79%, respectively. Vegetation types and landform had great impacts on surface deformation in permafrost area, as well as the capacity of InSAR technology to obtain deformation. Due to high soil moisture content in vegetation-developed regions, the changing magnitude of surface deformation is large. The surface deformation showed high heterogeneity because of large differences in altitudes and aspects of mountain areas. The signal lost seriously in areas with water, combined with the effects of precipitation and daily freeze-thaw cycles in permafrost region, thus affecting the ability of InSAR technology to obtain ground deformation. Therefore, it is necessary to take the underlying conditions and freeze-thaw cycles into consideration when estimating surface deformation in permafrost regions by using InSAR techniques.
  • Analyses of variation of summer snowline elevation and its influencing factors in the Kunlun Mountains based on RS, 2001-2015
    ZHANG Liancheng, HU Liequn, LI Shuai, HOU Xiaogang, ZHENG Zhaojun
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 546-553. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0024
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    In this paper, the Kunlun Mountains is taken as the research object, and MOY10A1/MOD10A1 of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer and temperature, precipitation and other data from 200.to 2015 are used to obtain the research date in this area. Using the snow cover duration ratio method, the snowline elevation and linear trend in the research area in the period is extracted. The variation of snowline elevation in the research area is analyzed by the method of correlation analysis. According to the analysis, the research date was determined as July 22~august 24 (the 203th~236th day) of each year, a total of 34 days, and the snowline threshold extracted by the snow cover duration ratio method was 76.5%. From 200.to 2015, the snowline elevation in the Kunlun Mountains and other regions showed a wave rising trend. The trend rate of snowline elevation changing in the eastern, meddle and western sections of the Kunlun Mountains was 80 m·(10a)-1, 131 m·(10a)-1 and 155 m·(10a)-1, respectively. The eastern section was the most stable, followed by the middle section and the western section of the mountain was the most unstable. In the 15 years, the average snowline elevation in eastern, middle and western sections of the mountains was 4 990 m, 5 271 m and 4 936 m, respectively, and the minimum snowline elevation in the middle section was higher than the maximum snowline elevation in other two sections. Therefore, the distribution characteristics of snowline elevation in the mountains were as follows:middle high, both sides low. From the yearly time scale analysis, the main controlling factor of the change of snowline elevation in the Kunlun Mountains and each section was air temperature. According to the time seasonal scale analysis, the seasons with the greatest influence of temperature on snowline elevation were summer and autumn, while the seasons with the greatest influence of precipitation were summer and winter. According to the monthly time scale analysis, the summer temperature in the mountains had the largest influence on the snowline elevation, while the winter precipitation had the largest influence on the snowline elevation.
  • The characteristics of snow cover albedo in Northeast China
    LIU Hao, XIAO Pengfeng, ZHANG Xueliang, FENG Xuezhi, YANG Yongke, HU Rui, ZHANG Zheng, SHENG Guangwei
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 554-562. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2018.0410
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    Based on the snow albedo data from 82 observation points from December 2017 to March 2018 in Northeast China, the spatial and temporal characteristics of snow albedo were analyzed from time series difference, spatial characteristics and their impact factors in this paper. The results showed that:(1) temporally, the snow albedo gradually decreased with time with the maximum decline rate of 0.00.d-1. (2) spatially, the snow albedo was significantly different between the west and the east, with an average snow albedo of 0.751 to the west of the Greater Khingan Range, and of 0.679 to the east of the Greater Khingan Range; at the same area, the snow albedo had some differences due to the influences of water content and snow grain; snow albedo to the west of the Greater Khingan Range exhibited low in the north and high in the south, the albedo to the east of the Greater Khingan Range exhibed high in the north and low in the south. (3) the stubble of cropland had a greater effect on snow albedo; the impact of weather change had less effect on snow albedo in a short period of time.
  • Climate change of Mu Us Desert revealed by geochemical elements in the aeolian sedimentary stratum
    LI Xiang, SU Zhizhu, HAN Rui, LIU Miaomiao, LIANG Aimin, ZHANG Caixia
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 563-573. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0305
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    Located in the southeastern depression of the Ordos Plateau and the northwestern edge of the East Asian monsoon, Mu Us Desert is sensitive to climate change and has a vulnerable ecological environment. It has always been an ideal place to research climate change and desert evolution. The Daliuta (DLT) Profile(39°15'14″ N、111°15'08″ E)in Shenmu County, locating in the eastern Mu Us Desert, has developed representative eolian sand-paleosoil or eolian sand-lacustrine sedimentary sequence. Through analyzing the sediments in DLT Profile, based on data of OSL dating, geochemical major element oxides and the ratio of these elements, in combination with magnetic susceptibility, it was revealed that influenced by the East Asian monsoon, the regional climate has warmed overall since the Holocene, while there was still instability. The results showed that:(1) The sediment of DLT Profile is mainly composed of SiO2 and Al2O3, accounting for 69.72%~81.40.and 11.04%~12.71%, respectively; the major element oxides' contents are in order:SiO2 > Al2O3 > K2O > Na2O > Fe2O3 > MgO > CaO. There are differences among the contents of different sedimentary facies. Chemical activity of different geochemical elements shows obvious variability:K, Na are highly active, easy to enrich under the dry-cold climate and belonging aeolian sand; Ca and Mg are easily enriched in semi-arid and semi-humid areas; Si is relatively stable and contains a large amount in aeolian sand; Fe and Al are less active and enriched in paleosol indicating warm-humid climate. (2) The analysis of the correlation among major element oxides and the <63 μm silt and clay composition and magnetic susceptibility shows that there is a significant positive correlation among silt and clay composition, magnetic susceptibility and Al2O3, Fe2O3 and MgO; the more the content of silt and clay composition, the easy the Al2O3, Fe2O3 and MgO adsorbing and enriching, and the high the magnetic susceptibility (Xlf), indicating that the climate is relatively warm and humid; otherwise, it indicates a relatively dry and cold climate. (3) In the southeastern Mu Us Desert, there has been many times of climate change since the Holocene. Before 10.39 ka BP, climate has fluctuated frequently. The characteristics of the profile has showed alternating deposition of aeolian sand and lake-swamp. During 10.39~9.34 ka BP, 8.68~8.29 ka BP and 2.72~1.34 ka BP, winter monsoon had enhanced and cold-dry climate with strong winds had prompted intense aeolian activities so the desert had experienced a strong wind-sand activity period. From 9.34~8.68 ka BP, 8.29~2.72 ka BP and 1.34~0.62 ka BP, under the background of increasing temperature and humidity, sand dunes had fixed and soil had developed. After 0.62 ka BP, the climate has closed to the modern climate. Besides, the differences of geochemical major element oxides and ratio have influenced by winter and summer monsoon of East Asia, reflected the millennium to centuries scale climate change, which is regional response to global climate change.
  • Soluble ions in atmospheric PM2.5 over glacier terminus determined by ion chromatography and source analysis
    CUI Xiaoqing, REN Jiawen, WANG Zebin, YU Guangming, YUE Guangyang
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 574-578. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0518
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    In order to study the atmospheric PM2.5 fine particles in Qilian Mountain glacier terminals,a batch of atmospheric PM2.5 telfon membrane samples had collected in 2011 and analyzed the soluble ions by application of ion chromatography. From samples,all kinds water soluble ion were extracted by ultrasonic with ultrapure water;the optimized extraction solution volume was 25 mL;extraction duration was 30 min;extract liquor was filtrated with 0.45 μm fiber membrane filter;all kinds of ions in a certain concentration range was good with correlation coefficient r>0.999. Among the measured cation-anion,SO42-,NO3-,Ca2+ and NH4+ concentration accounted for about 88% of the total water soluble ion;soluble ion concentration was significant high in summer, followed by spring and then by autumn and winter.
  • Effect of water content on yield surface of ice-rich frozen silty sand
    DU Haimin, MA Wei, ZHANG Shujuan, ZHOU Zhiwei, MU Yanhu
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 579-586. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0519
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    Previous researches on yield properties of frozen soil rarely consider the change of water content. However,water content often changes in practical engineering. So a series of triaxial compressive tests are conducted on ice-rich frozen silty sands at -5.0℃ to investigate systemically the effect of water content on yield properties and then to establish a relationship between deviatoric stress and shear strain with change of water content. The experimental results show that with water content changing,there are obvious changes in the stressstrain curves,which show that water content has different influence on hardening law in different ranges of water content. So the concrete form about yield function should be determined according to ranges of plastic shear strain(hardening parameter)and water content to make the yield function simple and accurate. When plastic shear strain is within 1.00%,deviatoric stress always increases with water content. However,with water content increasing,deviatoric stress firstly decreases and then increases when plastic shear strain is beyond 1.00%. And water content of 42.0% can be regard as a turning point. The yield function and the increment type relation between deviatoric stress and shear strain have been established with change of water content by segmented hardening principle. The testing results show that experimental values are basically consistent with simulated values. So they can be used to predict yield-surfaces and deviatoric stress-shear strain curves at different water contents.
  • Laboratory study on effect of cyclic freeze-thaw on the uniaxial compressive properties of clayey coarse grained soils
    CHEN Tao, BI Guiquan, CHEN Guoliang, YANG Han, NIU Fujun, MU Yanhu, LUO Jing
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 587-594. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0517
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    The mechanical property of coarse grained soil under freeze-thaw cycle is very important in slope stability analyses in cold regions. To study the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the compressive property of clayed coarse grained soil,a series of uniaxial compression tests on clayed coarse grained soils under different freezethaw cycles and fine gravel contents have been carried out. The test results indicate that freeze-thaw cycles has an impact on stress-strain relationship characteristics and failure mode of clayed coarse grained soils,The strain changes from brittle failure(softening)to plastic flow(hardening). When the number of freeze-thaw cycles is increased,the elastic modulus and compressive strength of such soils decrease significantly. Among them,5-9 freeze-thaw cycles decreased greatly before freezing and thawing cycles,and remained unchanged after freezing and thawing cycles. After that,these maintain almost stable. The uniaxial compressive properties weaken is related to aggregation of fine particles,increase of large and medium pores,and decrease of density during freezethaw processes. After 20 cycles of freeze-thaw,the uniaxial compressive strength and the elastic modulus decreased by as much as 43% and 77%,respectively. With increase of fine gravel contents,the uniaxial compressive strength and the elastic modulus of coarse grained soil also reduces considerably. This is closely related to the proportion of coarse and fine soil particles in the soil sample and the mechanism of strength exertion. There is a minor increasing trend for the failing strain of coarse grained soil with the increase of the freeze-thaw cycles and the fine gravel contents.
  • Experimental study on the mechanical properties of warm frozen silt soils
    SONG Bingtang, LIU Enlong, ZHANG De, LIU Xingyan, ZHANG Ge
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 595-605. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0515
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    In order to investigate the mechanical properties of warm frozen silt soils, a series of triaxial compression tests and repeated shear loading-unloading tests were conducted. Experimental results indicated that:(1) with the increasing of the confining pressures, the stress-strain changing from strain softening to strain hardening, then strain softening occurred again; (2) the volumetric curves presented a compressive tendency at first, followed by a dilation; the higher the confining pressures were, the smaller the dilation phenomenon would become; (3) the stress-strain curves, which presented strain softening and hardening phenomenon, were well simulated by an improved hyperbolic model. A new strength criterion was proposed in q-p plane, which could well describe the evolution of increasing first and then decreasing with increasing of mean effective stress. The regularities of cohesion c and internal frictional angle φ for warm frozen silt soils were investigated on the basis of the modified Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion. According to the repeated triaxial shear loading-unloading tests, the resilient modulus of warm frozen silt soils were determined with different loading-unloading cycles under different confining pressures. At the same time, the damage evolution was explored. Finally, the relationship between plastic volumetric strain and plastic shear strain was established and expressed by an empirical mathematical formulation. Later, the characteristics of dilatancy were investigated under different confining pressures as well.
  • Correlation between shear strength index and fractal dimension of the rammed earth sampled from Ming Great Wall on the foot of Qilian Mountains
    CUI Kai, WANG Zelin, GUAN Xipeng, LIU Wei
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 606-614. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0069
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    Rammed earth is a kind of soil with obvious characteristics of time, region, technology and materials, and its shear performance evaluation and parameter acquisition are foundation in the field of stability evaluation and control of rammed earth sites in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, in this study, the original rammed earth at 18 sites of the most widely distributed and the largest linear rammed-earth build (Great Wall of Ming Dynasty) in China, located in the north and south of the Qilian Mountains, has been selected as the research object, and direct shear test, soil water characteristic curve test, particle analysis, correlation and regression analyses of the rammed earth shear strength index, porosity and particle characteristics and its connection to the research of the system has been used. The results show that the rammed earth in the 18 sites can be divided into weak type and strong type in shear performance according to cohesion and internal friction angle; the composition and distribution of the particles and pores have good fractal characteristics. There are quantitative relationships between cohesion or internal friction angle and the pore fractal dimension or the fractal dimension. The error between the shear strength index of establishing mathematical model for the fractal dimension value and the measured value is no more than 3.1%, which provides a new way for obtaining effective shear parameters and evaluating shear performance.
  • Experimental study on the relationship between saline soil and salt solution freezing temperature
    WU Gang, BING Hui, BU Dongsheng
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 615-628. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0401
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    In this paper, the effect of cooling rate on soil freezing temperature by freezing temperature tests are illustrated using different cooling methods. The freezing temperature obtained by rapid cooling is lower than that obtained by gradual cooling. Using the rapid cooling, the freezing temperature of some chlorine (sub) saline soils and loess with different water contents are gotten, so do the freezing temperature and supercooling temperature of solutions and loess with different Na2SO4 concentration, NaCl concentration. A series of influence factors, such as cooling rate, water content, salt content, salt type, have analyzed on the phase transition process of soil and solution. When the water content is lower than the plastic limit water content of the soil, the main limiting factor of natural chlorine (sub) saline soils freezing temperature is water content. When the water content is greater than the plastic limit water content of the soil, the salt content of natural saline soil is the main factor affecting soil freezing temperature. Among them, sodium sulfate controls the first phase change of the soil, and sodium chloride controls the second phase change of the soil. For loess with lower salinity, when the water content of soil is lower than the plastic limit water content, the freezing temperature increases with the increase of water content, but when the water content is higher than the saturated water content, the freezing temperature does not change much with water content. The change of supercooling temperature of soil and solution containing sodium sulfate is similar to that of freezing temperature, with small temperature difference. By the freezing temperature test of the Na2SO4 solution, the freezing temperature of only the sodium sulfate-containing loess having a water content of 16% at the same concentration can be obtained approximately.
  • Characteristics and prediction method of first frost of ground in Heilongjiang Province
    ZHANG Jian, XU Liling, BAN Jin, LU Yan, WANG Zhen, ZHANG Chunmei
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 629-636. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0038
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    Based on the data from 62 stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1961 to 2013,monthly circulation characteristics and 50.hPa height field in the northern hemisphere,the first day of the lowest ground temperature ≤ 0℃ in autumn is selected as the first frost date by using climatic statistics method. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the first frost date,the monthly mean circulation evolution characteristics at 50.hPa in the northern hemisphere and the characteristic factors affecting the early frost and the late frost are analyzed,which provide the basis for forecasting the trend of the first frost. The results show that the first frost date in Heilongjiang Province shows a significant temporal postponement trend of about 8. 2 days. The year with an average delay of more than 5 days has appeared after 1988. Spatially,the first frost appears in the order from north to south and from plain to mountains along a latitude. EOF analysis shows that the occurrence of the first frost not only has the consistent climate characteristics,but also has opposite trend from north to south and from east to west. In the early first frost years,the 50.hPa circulation in the Northern Hemisphere has a large negative anomaly in the northern and polar regions of Heilongjiang Province from the early stage to the same period, and the cold air activity is frequent;on the contrary,if there is a positive deviation,the first frost is prone to be late. The characteristic factors affecting the early frost are the meridional circulation pattern in Eurasia(Asia), the Okhotsk high,the Aleutian low,the strength of the East Asian trough,the subtropical high in the Western Pacific,the polar eddy,AO and so on.
  • A study on influence of freezing and thawing on compressibility and shear strength of marine soft soil
    TAO Yong, YANG Ping, YANG Guoqing, ZHANG Ting
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 637-645. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0511
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    In order to reveal the difference in deformation and strength of undisturbed marine soft soils before and after freezing and thawing, compression tests and triaxial consolidation undrained shear tests were performed on the undisturbed Ningbo marine soft soil and the thawing soil under different freezing and thawing conditions. The results show that under the condition of one-way freezing, the freezing and thawing effect enhances the compressibility of the marine soft soil, and the degree of influence on different parts of the sample is different. The compressive property of the lower part near the cold end has the greatest effect, and the middle part has the second and the upper part has the smallest effect. The lower the temperature of the cold end, the smaller the effect of freezing and thawing on the compressibility of the thawing soil, and tends to be stable gradually. Natural thawing has a great influence on compressibility of thawing soil than forced thawing. Freezing and thawing effect obviously decreases the cohesive force of the thawing soil and slightly increases the internal friction angle. The lower the temperature of the cold end, the greater the effect of freezing and thawing on the cohesion and internal friction angle, and the smaller the failure strength of the thawing soil within a certain range of normal stress.
  • State-of-art of research on elastoplastic constitutive models of frozen soil
    LI Nannan, FAN Caixia, BAI Ruiqiang
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 646-656. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0514
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    The constitutive model, which is able to accurately describe the deformation behavior of soil, is the key to obtain the real stress-strain rules of geotechnical structures. Since the Cambridge model putting forward in 1963, many scholars have done a lot of research on the elastoplastic constitutive model of soil, and put forward a large number of soil elastoplastic constitutive models. With the development and construction in cold regions, the researchers use the constitutive simulation method of soil thawing, combining with the characteristics of frozen soil mechanical properties, such as temperature sensitive, high frozen strength and ice pressure and melting under high stress level to carry out a series of studies about elastoplastic behavior and constitutive simulation of frozen soil under rapid loading. Different elastoplastic constitutive models for frozen soil have been established. In order to further clarify the characteristics of frozen soil deformation behavior and improve the constitutive modeling theory and method applicable to the elastoplastic behavior of permafrost, in this paper, the existing elastoplastic constitutive models of frozen soil have been summarized and compared, mainly to summarize and analyze the theoretical foundation, modeling method and parameter determination of various frozen soil elastoplastic constitutive models. The content of the method is useful for further developing the constitutive model which can accurately describe the complex mechanical behavior of frozen soil.
  • Review on driving forces of soil fracture during ice lens formation process
    LIU Yuhang, LI Dongqing, MING Feng
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 657-668. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0516
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    With the high-grade engineering in cold regions and the further stringency of deformation restriction requirements, frost heaving is the key issue must be considered in engineering construction in cold regions. The reason of frost heaving is that the water migration and phase change into ice and ice lenses are formed. Therefore, it is important to understand the formation of ice lenses deeply to solve the problem of frost damage in practical engineering. The formation of ice lens is controlled by the driving force of soil fracture, therefore, it is of great significance to do research in the driving force of soil rupture during freezing process for clarifying the growth mechanism of ice lenses and solving the frost heave problem in engineering. In this research, the driving forces of soil rupture during soil freezing at home and abroad were comprehensively reviewed, and the similarities and differences between the results were pointed out. Based on the similarities of the research results, the shortcomings of the current research on driving forces of soil fracture are analyzed, and the future research directions are proposed.
  • Progress and prospects of research on frost heave of high speed railway subgrade in seasonally frozen regions
    MIAO Qi, NIU Fujun, LIN Zhanju, LUO Jing
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 669-679. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0070
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    An increasing number of high speed railways have been built in seasonally frozen soil regions of China. Engineering problems associated with frost heave, which seriously affects the engineering quality and operation safety, have received a generous concern and achieved significant research results. Based on the previous studies, in this paper, a summary is presented on frost heave characteristics and distribution in seasonally frozen soil regions with high speed railways, then the variations are analyzed of soil moisture and heat situation during freezing process of subgrades. The frost susceptibility is discussed of high speed rail railway filled of various fine content and under various water and temperature conditions. Finally, the existing anti-frost heave measures are classified and assessed according to their serviceability. Above all, a prospect of potential research directions about frost heave in high speed railway are presented, including new ideas for better interpreting the frost heave mechanisms and puts forward appropriate measures for mitigating frost heave deformation of high speed railway in seasonally frozen soil regions.
  • Risk assessment of rainstorm and flood disasters based on the hazard grades/indices in Qinghai Province
    LI Wanzhi, YU Di, FENG Xiaoli, ZHANG Tiaofeng
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 680-688. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0033
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    Based on the natural disaster risk theory and the combination of meteorological data,geographic information and socioeconomic data,in this paper,aiming for evaluate the risk grade of the inducing factors,the vulnerability grade of the bearing body and the hazard grade of rainstorm flood disasters in Qinghai Province,the principal component analysis and GIS natural breakpoint method has been used. The results showed that:(1) the rain days of various grades are increasing in the province,especially for the moderate and heavy rain days at the beginning of the 21st century;(2)the risk grades of the rainstorm and flood disasters inducing factors are decreasing from southeast to northwest,and the highest vulnerability grade of the bearing body is in the northeastern area while the lowest vulnerability grades is in the southern and western regions;(3)the rainstorm and flood hazard areas are mainly located in the eastern part of the province,such as Huzhu,Huangzhong,Datong and Xining with highest risk and the eastern agricultural area and the area surrounding Qinghai Lake with higher risk, and the western part of the province with low risk of rainstorm and flood disasters. The assessment results can be applied in meteorological disaster risk management and can strengthen the judgment of the impact degree of storm and flood disaster risk and the affected area,useful for local disaster prevention and relief work.
  • Research of TRMM3B43 satellite precipitation data applicability in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
    YANG Rongfang, CAO Genhua, ZHANG Jing
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 689-696. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0013
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    Based on the precipitation data observed from 176 national benchmark climate stations and principal stations in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the accuracy of the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Satellite) 3B43 V7 rainfall product is tested and analyzed with slope of scatter, relative deviation, root mean square error and correlation coefficient. The results show that the mean precipitation of TRMM 3B43 is consistent with the observed precipitation, and has a good correlation in different time scales. The correlation coefficients are all above 0.85, and the precision decreases with the increase of time scales. The precipitation of TRMM 3B43 is slightly smaller than the observed precipitation of the stations on the whole. The phenomenon of underestimation occurs in the regions with high annual precipitation. In seasonal scale, the precision is lower in summer and winter. Regionally, the relative deviation and root mean square error of TRMM 3B43 in the northwest mountainous and plateau regions are smaller, the correlation coefficient is basically above 0.9, the fitting accuracy is higher with strong credibility.
  • Ionic composition characteristics and their controlling factors in the main stream of the Yarlung Zangbo River
    LIU Jiutan, LI Yingzhi, GAO Zongjun, WANG Min, MA Yuanyuan, SHI Mengjie, ZHANG Hongying
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 697-708. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0520
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    In order to understand the ionic composition characteristics and their controlling factors of the Yarlung Zangbo River water,8 water samples were collected in 2015. Descriptive statistics,cluster analysis,the Gibbs plots,ion ratios,and Piper triangular diagram were used to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and to discuss the main control factors of river water in the main stream of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The results showed that the major ions of river water were HCO3- and SO42- and the main cations were Ca2+ and Mg2+,accounting for about 85% and 96%,respectively. The hydrochemical type of all river samples is HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg. The total dissolved solids in the river water ranges from 202.46 to 371.27 mg·L-1,with an average of 299. 30 mg·L-1, which is higher than the average of the Global River. The ionic composition characteristics of river water show some differences from upstream to downstream. The major ions in the river and the concentration of the total dissolved solids,total hardness and electric conductivity show a downward trend along the river,which are mainly caused by the dilution of the tributaries and the increase of precipitation. The river water samples were located in the middle left of the Gibbs model,indicating that the hydrochemical composition of river water is controlled by water-rock interaction. The ion ratio analysis showed that the weathering and dissolution of silicate rocks exist in the study area,but the weathering of carbonate and evaporate rocks are the major controlling factors of river hydrochemistry.
  • Snow quality of the track and climate change risk assessment of competition-typeskiing grounds in China: a case study of Wanlong Ski Resort in Hebei Province
    BI Yanqun, WANG Feiteng, HAN Haidong, DING Minghu, XIAO Cunde, KANG Shichang, REN Jiawen, WANG Xing
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 709-718. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0071
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    In 2022, the Beijing Winter Olympic Games will be held in China. Snowboarding is most important question. The snow quality of the track is most crucial in the snow work. However, at present, little research work has been done on the snow quality of competition-type snow track in China. By studying the snow quality characteristics of the track of Wanlong Ski Resort in Hebei Province, which is dominated by artificial snow, to understand the current situation of the competition-type skiing grounds in China, and find out the gap with the standard track snow quality required by the International Snow Federation. According to the changing characteristics of snow quality, it is put forward that the scheme of snow quality maintenance and technical improvement, and risk assessment of the factors affecting snow quality. It is necessary to enhance the scientific research capacity and technical level of the snow work in China and provide scientific basis and services for the successful hosting of the Winter Olympic Games.
  • Economic growth contribution and spatial effect of Tibet highway based on cryosphere service function accounting
    HUANG Yongzhong, ZHONG Fanglei, YANG Xiao, XU Xiaoming, WU Qingbai
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 719-729. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0032
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    Combined with the input-output method and ESDA analysis,the cryosphere service function was used to calculate the contribution of the highway construction to economic growth in Tibet Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2016 and to explain the mechanisms. On this basis,Global Moran's I index and Local Moran's I index were used to make spatial effect analysis. The results show that the added value directly and indirectly created by highway construction had greatly promoted the regional economic growth. In terms of spatial distribution,the contribution degree of highway construction to economic growth had varied from place to place without a fixed changing trend. Due to the huge spillover effect of highway on economic growth,great attention should be paid to the construction of transportation infrastructure such as highways,investment should be increased, mileage and spatial distribution should be expanded,and the harmful effects of climate change and other factors on transportation infrastructure should be fully taken into account to ensure steady and rapid growth of regional economy.
  • Temporal and spatial coupling relationship between urbanization efficiency and economic development level in Gansu Province under the Belt and Road Initiative
    WU Cuifang, YI Haiying, ZHANG Linling, XIAN Yaning, LUO Yan
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 730-739. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0036
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    "The Belt and Road Initiativehas" brought many opportunities for the development of the Western part of China. Gansu is an important area covered by"the Belt and Road Initiative". Using DEA model and Entropy method,urbanization efficiency and economic development level of 14 prefectures(cities)in Gansu Province in 2004,2008,2012 and 2016 were measured. The coupling relationships in Gansu between the urbanization efficiency and the economic development level were analyzed from temporal and spatial by Coupling Degree model. The results showed the urbanization efficiency in Gansu Province was increasing in volatility,but the total urbanization efficiency was lower,and the disparity of the economic development in different cities is obvious,The value of urbanization efficiency in Gansu Province is far lower than the national average. Comprehensive Efficiency in Gansu Province in 2016 is 0.441(the national average is 0.740). The level of economic development in Gansu Province had risen steadily from 200.to 2016. But it has obvious disadvantages compared with the national average. It is obvious that the difference Significant of economic development within province. From 200.to 2016,The coupling degree and coordination degree in Gansu Province is obviously improved,the degree of coupling develops from medium coupling to high coupling,and the degree of coordination develops from near-disorder to coordinating. Jiayuguan,Lanzhou,Jinchang and Jiuquan have been in a state of high level coupling and coordination for four years,and the coupling degree and coordination degree of the remaining ten regions such as Zhangye and Baiyin have also developed from low-medium to medium-high level. It shows that the coupling degree and coordination degree of urbanization efficiency and economic development level in various regions are developing well.
  • Global development tendency of the frozen soil (permafrost) study based on bibliometrical analysis from 2012 to 2016
    LI Na, JIA Xiaojing, MAO Wenliang, MA Jianxia
    Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2019, 41(3): 740-748. https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2019.0510
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Study of frozen soil (including permafrost) gradually attracted the attention of global scientists, because frozen soil is an important component of the cryosphere, and it is sensitive to global warming and has the most effect on the stability of engineering. China, as one of the largest permafrost region, pays special attention to the development tendency of geocryology. Using the well-established bibliometrical analysis method, the papers published in the field of frozen soil (including permafrost) have been statistically analyzed, included in SCI(E)/CPCI bases from 2012-2016, and determined the order of scientific research strength in this field. The published papers can divided as frozen soil engineering, frozen soil mechanics, permafrost environment, and frozen soil physics. The results will present the development tendency and international influence of permafrost science during the past five years. It is useful for future development in this field.
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