ADILI·Azizi, WANG Jian-wen, ZHANG Jian-gang, MAO Wei-yi, ZHANG Li-ping, SHEN Yong-ping, WANG Shun-de, WANG Gang
The Tarim Basin is the biggest arid inland basin in China.The Aksu,Hotan,Yarkant and Kaidu-Konque Rivers are four source rivers of Tarim River drainage.The three tributary river systems (Aksu,Hotan and Yarkant) that contribute flows to the Tarim River join just above the Aler gauging station where the Tarim River begins.From the confluence of its three main contributing tributaries,the Tarim River mainstream extends 1 321 km to Taitema Lake.In addition the Kaidu-Konque River Basin,which is hydrologically separate from the Tarim River,contributes water to the Tarim River by means of a man-made transfer channel.The annual mean air temperature was unusual high in plain,but was slight higher in mountain regions in Tarim River Basin in 2004.Both precipitations in plain and mountains were a little more than normal.The 0℃ level height was lower in spring and summer in Tarim River Basin.In 2004,total annual virgin flow of 224.0×108m3 from four mountains basins of Aksu,Hotan,Yarkant and Kaidu-Konque Rivers drain into the Tarim basin,is an normal hydrological year.The Aksu River and Kaidu-Konque Rivers from the south slope of Tianshan Mountains have a large runoff rising comparing with average annual runoff,Aksu River,increasing by 15.9%,was an abundant hydrological year;Kaidu-Konque Rivers,increasing by 4.2%,was a slight abundant hydrological year.But the runoff in Yarkant River from the Karakorum and Hotan River from the West Kunlun Mountains were less than average annual runoff,Yarkant River,decreasing by 10.8%,was a little shortage of water year;Hotan River,decreasing by 17.9%,was a shortage of water year.The total discharge of the four source rivers,which are Aksu,Hotan,Yarkant and Kaidu-Konque Rivers,drain into Tarim River is 27.02×108m3 in 2004,occupy up 12.1% of annual virgin flow from mountains basin.The Yarkant River is the only river no water drain into the mainstream of Tarim Rive.The interzone consumed water of the Tarim River mainstream are estimated to be 19.19×108m3 for the upper course from Aler to Yingbazha,the largest consumed section of the Tarim River mainstream;7.530×108m3 for the middle course from Yingbazha to Qiala,occupy up 30.3% of the consumption that before harness.The proportion of consumed water of upper,middle and downstream occupy the whole consumed water of Tarim River mainstream comparing with their own woodland proportion respectively,the proportion of consumed water was more in the upper stream course,was a little in the middle streams course,and was correspond in the lower course.During April 22 to June 25,2004,the sixth ecological emergency water diversion project was carried out in the lower reaches of Tarim River,transfer water 1.600×108m3 from Bosten Lake,outflow 1.020×108m3 drains into Taitema Lake,from Daxihaizi Reservoir,and water reached in Taitema Lake again in 2004.
