Fig. 1 Dangerous rock models with water at different stages of main control structural plane: (a) completely filled with water; (b) beginning to freeze; (c) completely filled with ice; (d) beginning to melt
Note:H: height of dangerous rock (m); l0: initial length of main control structural plane (m); b: aperture of main control structural plane (m); θ: angle between structural plane and vertical direction (°); l1, l2: vertical and horizontal distance from point O at tip of main control structural plane to point G of center of gravity (m); li: ice-filled length within main control structural plane (m); lw: water-filled length within main control structural plane (m).
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