Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

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Propagation and fracture analysis of main control structural planes in dangerous rocks under water-ice phase transition

WANG Linfeng, XIE Mingjun, FU Yifan, HU Linyuan, TAN Xuanfang, RAN Jian

Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2025, 47(4): 990-1003. DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2025.0079

Fig. 6 Variation of stress intensity factor with water filling height

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Fig. 1 Dangerous rock models with water at different stages of main control structural plane：（a） completely filled with water；（b） beginning to freeze；（c） completely filled with ice；（d） beginning to melt
Note：H： height of dangerous rock （m）； l₀： initial length of main control structural plane （m）； b： aperture of main control structural plane （m）； θ： angle between structural plane and vertical direction （°）； l₁， l₂： vertical and horizontal distance from point O at tip of main control structural plane to point G of center of gravity （m）； l_i： ice-filled length within main control structural plane （m）； l_w： water-filled length within main control structural plane （m）.
Fig. 2 Comparison of frost heave force results for limestone
Table 1 Calculation parameters
Fig. 3 Comparison of frost heave force results for slate
Fig. 4 Variation of length of main control structural plane with freeze-thaw cycles
Table 2 Temperature data of Barkam and statistics of freezing and non-freezing days
Fig. 5 Site photo （a） and planar model （b） of a dangerous rock in the study area
Fig. 7 Variation of cracking angle with water filling height
Fig. 8 Variation of critical cracking length and cracking angle with vertical angle
Fig. 9 Variation of stability coefficient F_s of dangerous rock with water filling height
Fig. 10 Variation of stress intensity factor with initial length of main control structural plane
Fig. 11 Variation of joint stress intensity factor with temperature
Fig. 12 Variation of cracking angle and propagation length with temperature
Fig. 13 Variation of stress intensity factor and cracking angle with freezing length
Fig. 14 Variation of stress intensity factor and cracking angle with length of melted water
Table 3 Propagation lengths of main control structural plane
Fig. 15 Variation of length of main control structural plane with time

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